Why does N E R I N E Anti ageing work

Skin again occurs as a natural process which is heavily influenced by endogenous and external factors.

Among them most important external factors contributing to skin ageing are exposure to UV irradiation, or sun damage and smoking while the most important internal factors are stress, hormonal changes and poor diet.

These environmental and endogenous factors generally result in the production and accumulation or highly reactive oxygen products capable to damage the cells of the skin, including their DNA, and consequently, the normal function of these cells.

The gradual accumulation of changes in the skin cells impair their ability to self-regenerate in the same way the young skin does which results in the structural changes that visually characterise the ageing skin, namely wrinkles, loss of elasticity, loss of moisture and thickness.

Hydration

The ability of the skin to retain water is one of the earliest functions affected in the ageing skin and is at the center of the aged skin visual changes. Several factors contribute to this loss of function. The skin, as it aged, is not as impermeable as the young skin, and as a consequence the skin losses more water by evaporation. In addition, the structure of the collagen, the structural fibres of the skin, able the storage of water molecules, which is loss when the collagen is produced by skin cell. Finally, there are specific water pumps in the skin, called Aquaporin 3, which are responsible to pump water into the skin cells. The function and number of these pumps are impaired in the ageing skin. All of the above results, in a decrease water content in the ageing skin compared to a young healthy skin.

Structural Changes

In addition to collagen, the production of elastin decreases with age and skin damage. It is important because collagen and elastin are responsible for the skin firm but elastic texture. These fibres are normally degraded by enzymes and replaced by new ones. The drop of these fibres with age is due to main reasons, as mention above, damaged, aged skin cells do not produce these fibres in the amount and quality of the healthy skin cell, but also, because, damaged skin cells produce more of the enzymes, responsible for the degradation of these fibres. As a result, the amount of fibres and structure of the skin start to decrease with age.

How does N E R I N E Anti ageing work

Our anti-ageing cream been formulated to address and restore the functions and gradually the skin healthy looking appearance. Each of the ingredients has been formulated to prevent skin damage and induce skin repair the way normal healthy skin does. The formula has powerful natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidants compounds. By inhibiting the inflammation caused by the damaged cells, it decreases ROS production, while the antioxidants, neutralise the ROS already formed, inhibiting further oxidative damage. Other components stimulate the skin cells to eliminate damaged structures and to repair itself while stimulating the production of new collagen and elastic fibres. These new fibres should retain the water as it once did. Finally, the formula stimulates the local production of the water pumps, which warrantee the normal entry of the water to the skin cells. Restoring the skin structure and its normal functions, will gradually restore the skin healthy looking including its elasticity and moisture and in doing so, a noticeable reduction of the sign of age on your skin

How does NERINE Anti-ageing cream stimulate collagen production?

NERINE anti-ageing increases skin collagen through a unique multifactorial approach leading to:

  • An increase in the number of fibroblasts in the skin,

  • An increase in the synthesis of collagen by the fibroblasts and

  • An inhibition of the enzymes which degrade the collagen

As mentioned earlier, fibroblasts increase collagen production in response to Allantoin, Vitamin A and Vitamin C, all of which are active ingredients of the cream. However, these compounds typically lose their biological activity relatively fast once reaching the skin environment, mainly due to oxidation, limiting their activity. In our formulation, these active ingredients are delivered in conjunction with two of the most potent antioxidants in nature, the extract of green tea, commonly known as EGCG and Vitamin E, preventing their degradation and allowing those vitamins to remain in the skin in their active form for an extended time.

To further enhance the effect of the cream in building collagen, we have complemented collagen induction with compounds, such as Quercetin, Resveratrol and Zinc Sulphate, which inhibit the enzymes responsible for degrading collagen in the skin. In this way, the newly formed collagen is protected from degradation, contributing to skin collagen increase.

However, regardless of how good active ingredients are in any anti-ageing cream, their effect would depend on the ability of those compounds to reach the layer of the skin abundant in fibroblasts. In this regard, our formulation has been specially designed to allow its penetration to reach the deepest layer of the skin, and it is this transdermal delivery technology that makes NERINE anti ageing formulation a cut above the rest.

When will I notice the effect of NERINE anti-ageing cream?

It is essential to realise that the changes in the skin such as wrinkles develop over a long period (years) and it is impossible to reverse those structural changes overnight or in weeks. In addition, genetic differences determine how well our fibroblasts would respond to the cream. In our clinical studies some users have reported noticeable effects after just one week of using the cream, those cases are the exception. However, we believe that those changes in healthier-looking skin in such a short time are probably due to the restoration of the skin’s hydration, given that the cream also has two of the most hydrating compounds known, Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid or PCA, and Hyaluronic acid. In general, most users report noticeable effects after two to three weeks of using the cream, coinciding with the natural cycle of skin to replace a new layer of skin cells. As every user is unique, we would be delighted to know your own experience, so please, feel free to share it with us by writing to info@nerine.com.au or commenting below.

Collagen, Elastin and Water content determine the skin structure

Histological Image of the human skin stained for Aquaporin 3

Transversal Histological section of the skin showing the content of Aquaporin 3 (in brown). Most cells (keratinocytes), on the top layer of the skin, have Aquaporin 3.

Electron Microscopy picture of the skin collagen network. The Wellcome Collection.

N E R I N E Anti-ageing cream is delivered in an airless container. Therefore, the cream is not in contact with the oxygen in the air, protecting it from oxidising and maintaining its active ingredients' potency.

A transdermal delivery system allows the active ingredients, including Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Resveratrol, EGCG and Hyaluronic Acid to reach the deepest layers of the skin.

The earlier one starts helping the skin repair the damages resulting from the continuous insult from the environment, the better. Remember that it is better to prevent a problem than to solve it.

Further Reading

1.         Bailey, A.J., Paul, R.G. & Knott, L. Mechanisms of maturation and ageing of collagen. Mech Ageing Dev 106, 1-56 (1998).

2.         Frey, J. Collagen, ageing and nutrition. Clin Chem Lab Med 42, 9-12 (2004).

3.         Zhao, C., Xiao, Y., Ling, S., Pei, Y. & Ren, J. Structure of Collagen. Methods Mol Biol 2347, 17-25 (2021).

4.         Shenoy, M., et al. Collagen Structure, Synthesis, and Its Applications: A Systematic Review. Cureus 14, e24856 (2022).

5.         Fisher, E., et al. Interaction of ascorbic acid and glucose on production of collagen and proteoglycan by fibroblasts. Diabetes 40, 371-376 (1991).

6.         Gref, R., et al. Vitamin C-squalene bioconjugate promotes epidermal thickening and collagen production in human skin. Sci Rep 10, 16883 (2020).

7.         Demetriou, A.A., Levenson, S.M., Rettura, G. & Seifter, E. Vitamin A and retinoic acid: induced fibroblast differentiation in vitro. Surgery 98, 931-934 (1985).

8.         Varani, J., et al. Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. Am J Pathol 168, 1861-1868 (2006).

9.         Kumar, G.B., Nair, B.G., Perry, J.J.P. & Martin, D.B.C. Recent insights into natural product inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Medchemcomm 10, 2024-2037 (2019).

10.      Lim, H., et al. Identification of Novel Natural Product Inhibitors against Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Using Quantum Mechanical Fragment Molecular Orbital-Based Virtual Screening Methods. International journal of molecular sciences 23(2022).

11.      Feng, L., et al. Characteristic differences in barrier and hygroscopic properties between normal and cosmetic dry skin. II. Depth profile of natural moisturizing factor and cohesivity. Int J Cosmet Sci 36, 231-238 (2014).

12.      Gunnarsson, M., Mojumdar, E.H., Topgaard, D. & Sparr, E. Extraction of natural moisturizing factor from the stratum corneum and its implication on skin molecular mobility. Journal of colloid and interface science 604, 480-491 (2021).

13.      Bukhari, S.N.A., et al. Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 120, 1682-1695 (2018).

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Collagen and Skin Ageing